New Study Reveals Dementia Risk in Former Footballers Not Linked to Lifestyle Factors

In a groundbreaking study led by consultant neuropathologist Professor Willie Stewart from the University of Glasgow, researchers have uncovered that lifestyle factors commonly associated with dementia do not contribute to the heightened risk observed in former professional footballers. The findings, published in JAMA Network Open, challenge previous assumptions about the connection between health habits and neurodegenerative diseases in sports.

The investigation drew data from the electronic health records of nearly 12,000 former football players and a comparable group of over 35,000 controls from the Scottish population. Key risk factors for dementia, such as smoking, depression, diabetes, and obesity, were analyzed. Surprisingly, the results indicated that these factors were either similar or even lower among the former players when compared to the control group.

This research expands on earlier studies, notably the 2019 report demonstrating that ex-footballers are 3.5 times more likely to die from neurodegenerative diseases. Following this, a 2021 study highlighted a direct link between the duration of professional careers and increased dementia risk, with longer careers correlating with a fivefold increase in the likelihood of neurodegenerative conditions.

Professor Stewart emphasized the importance of these findings, stating, “Our latest results suggest the relationship between higher rates of neurodegenerative disease among former professional footballers is not driven by those wider general health and lifestyle factors.” He advocates that while addressing lifestyle risks is important, the priority should center on minimizing exposure to repetitive head impacts and traumatic brain injuries during sporting activities.

The implications of this study are significant, calling for enhanced strategies to manage head injuries and mitigate dementia risks in contact sports. With funding from organizations such as the Football Association, the Professional Footballers Association, and national health entities, this research highlights the urgent need for ongoing evaluation and prevention strategies in sports to protect athletes’ long-term health.